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  1. ; ; ; (, Trends in Ecology & Evolution)
    Dr Andrea E. A. Stephens (Ed.)
    Hoffmann and Bridle [ 1. ] describe two processes that the framework introduced by Vinton et al. [ 2. ] did not explicitly consider. These two processes, reversibility of plastic responses and time lags in sensitivity of responses to the environment, can affect how plasticity impacts evolution. These processes are easily incorporated into our framework by adding stage structure and lagged environmental drivers. In Vinton et al. [ 2. ], when discussing the costs of plasticity, we primarily focused on energetic impacts on fitness, and the role of environmental predictability. Hoffmann and Bridle [ 1. ] are correct that differential impacts of plasticity across an individual’s lifetime might determine its response to different types of environmental change. 
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  2. ; ; ; (, Trends in Ecology & Evolution)
    Dr Andrea E. A. Stephens (Ed.)
    To forecast extinction risks of natural populations under climate change and direct human impacts, an integrative understanding of both phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution is essential. To date, the evidence for whether, when, and how much plasticity facilitates adaptive responses in changing environments is contradictory. We argue that explicitly considering three key environmental change components – rate of change, variance, and temporal autocorrelation – affords a unifying framework of the impact of plasticity on adaptive evolution. These environmental components each distinctively effect evolutionary and ecological processes underpinning population viability. Using this framework, we develop expectations regarding the interplay between plasticity and adaptive evolution in natural populations. This framework has the potential to improve predictions of population viability in a changing world. 
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